Harddisk
Alternatively referred to as a hard disk drive and abbreviated as HDD or HDD, the hard drive is the computer's main storage media device that permanently stores all data on the computer. The hard drive was first introduced on September 13, 1956 and consists of one or more hard drive platters inside of air sealed casing. Most computer hard drives are in an internal drive bay at the front of the computer and connect to the motherboard using either ATA, SCSI, or a SATA cable and power cable. Below, is an illustration of what the inside of a hard drive looks like for a desktop and laptop hard drive.
或者简称为硬盘驱动器，简称为HDD或硬盘驱动器，硬盘驱动器是电脑的主要存储介质设备，永久存储在电脑上的所有数据。 1956年9月13日，首次推出的硬盘驱动器由一个或多个硬盘驱动器盘片内部的空气密闭容器内。大多数的计算机硬盘驱动器在内部驱动器托架在电脑前和使用无论是ATA，SCSI或SATA电缆和电源线连接到主板上。下面，就是一个例证内的台式机和笔记本电脑的硬盘驱动器的硬盘驱动器看起来像什么。
** Note : head actuator = 头致动器
read/write actuator arm = 读/写促动臂
read/write head = 读/写磁头
spindle = 主轴
platter = 磁盘
Chassis = 底盘
As can be seen in the above picture, the desktop hard drive has six components: the head actuator, read/write actuator arm, read/write head, spindle, and platter. On the back of a hard drive is a circuit board called the disk controller.
在上面的图片中可以看出，台式机硬盘有六个组成部分：头致动器，读/写促动臂，读/写磁头，主轴和磁盘。在硬盘驱动器的背面一个称为磁盘控制器的电路板。
How is data read and stored on a hard drive?
数据是如何读取和存储在硬盘上吗？
Data sent to and from the hard drive is interpreted by the disk controller, which tells the hard drive what to do and how to move the components within the drive. When the operating system needs to read or write information, it examines the hard drives File Allocation Table (FAT) to determine file location and available areas. Once this has been determined, the disk controller instructs the actuator to move the read/write arm and align the read/write head. Because files are often scattered throughout the platter, the head will often need to move to several different locations to access all information.
All information stored on a traditional hard drive, like the above example, is done magnetically. After completing the above steps, if the computer needs to read information from the hard drive it would read the magnetic polarities on the platter. One side of the magnetic polarity is 0 and the other is 1, reading this as binary data the computer can understand what the data is on the platter. For the computer to write information to the platter, the read/write head aligns the magnetic polarities, writing 0's and 1's that can be read later.
发送的数据和从硬盘驱动器，硬盘驱动器做什么和如何移动的组件，驱动器内的磁盘控制器，它告诉解释。当操作系统需要读取或写入信息时，它会检查硬盘驱动器的文件分配表（FAT），以确定文件的位置和可用区域。一旦这已经确定时，磁盘控制器指示的致动器移动的读/写臂和对齐的读/写头。因为文件通常分散在整个盘子里，头部会经常需要移动几个不同的地点访问所有信息。
传统的硬盘驱动器上存储的所有信息，如上面的例子中，磁性。完成上述步骤后，如果计算机需要从硬盘驱动器读取信息，它会读取盘片上的磁场极性。一侧的磁场极性为0，另一方为1，读取此作为二进制数据的计算机可以理解的，在盘片上的数据是什么。对于计算机将信息写入到盘片上，读/写头对齐，写0和1的后面，可以读出的磁场极性。
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